PERC

PERC was the solar industry standard from 2019 through early 2025 but is now being phased out in favor of TOPCon. The technology adds a passivation layer on the rear side of mono-crystalline silicon cells, increasing efficiency by 1-2% over standard BSF cells. Module wattages typically range 540-580W. PERC remains attractive for budget-conscious buyers due to its low $/W pricing ($0.075-0.085/W FOB China in Q1 2026) as factories clear remaining inventory. Most Tier-2 factories have fully stopped PERC production; Tier-1 factories are expected to phase out by end 2026.